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God has traditionally been described using masculine terms in Christian scripture and theology. While this has sometimes given rise to the idea that Christians consider God to be male, the majority of Christian denominations (with the notable exception of Mormonism) accept a God who transcends gender.〔David Bordwell, 2002, ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'',Continuum International Publishing ISBN 978-0-86012-324-8 page 84〕〔"Deum humanam sexuum transcendere distinctionem. Ille nec vir est nec femina, Ille est Deus." From "Pater per Filium revelatus", ''Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae''. (Citta del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1993): 1-2-1-1-2 ¶ 239. ((Official English translation ))〕 ==Grammatical gender in the Bible== The first words of the Old Testament are ''B'reshit bara Elohim'' — "In the beginning God created."〔Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1990), p. 1.〕 The verb ''bara'' (created) agrees with a subject with a plural, non-gendered noun grammatical gender. ''Elohim'' is used to refer to both genders and is plural; it has been used to refer to both Goddess (in 1Ki 11:33), and God (1 Kings 11:31). (https://sites.google.com/site/yahwehelohiym/yahweh/yahweh-the-elohim-of-israel). The masculine gender in Hebrew can be used for objects with no inherent gender, as well as objects with masculine natural gender, and so it is widely used, attributing the masculine gender to most things. However, the noun used for the Spirit of God in Genesis- "Ruach" - is distinctly feminine, as is the verb used to describe Her activity during creation- "rachaph" -translated as "fluttereth". This verb is used only one other place in the Bible- Deuteronomy 32:11- where it describes the action of a mother eagle towards her nest. The consistent use of feminine nouns and verbs to refer to the Spirit of God in the Torah, as well as the rest of the Jewish Scriptures, indicates that at least this aspect of Elohim was consistently perceived as Feminine. (Sexism is a Sin, by J.R. Hyland). Genesis 1:26-27 says that the ''elohim'' were male and female, and humans were made in their image.〔Coogan (2010:176)〕 Two of most common phrases in the Tanakh are ''vayomer Elohim'' and ''vayomer YHWH'' — "and God said". Again, the verb ''vayomer'' (he said) is masculine; it is never ''vatomer'', the feminine of the same verb form. The personal name of God, ''YHWH'', is presented in Exodus 3 as if the ''Y'' (Hebrew ''yod'') is the masculine subjective prefix to the verb ''to be''. In Psalms 89:26 God is referred to as Father. "He shall cry unto me, Thou art my Father, My God, and the rock of my salvation."〔ASV 1901, Public Domain〕 Some literary approaches to the Old Testament have argued that parallels between Biblical stories and earlier Sumerian, Akkadian and Canaanite creation myths show a matriarchal substratum that has been overlaid by a patriarchal approach.〔Neumann, ''The Origins and History of Consciousness'' pages 177-178.〕 "In the Bible, the earth is the feminine complement of God: the two combined to form man, who articulates their relationship, for example, in sacrifice."〔Francis Landy, The Song of Songs chapter of ''The Literary Guide to the Bible'', page 314.〕 The New Testament also refers to the Holy Spirit in masculine terminology, most clearly in the Gospel of John 14-16. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gender of God in Christianity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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